Regulations

Recently the Republic of Korea has increasingly competitive with the growth of global IT companies such as Samsung and LG in terms of industrial technology. According to the International Institute for Management Development of Switzerland in March 2014, Korea is ranked 6th in the world in terms of science and technology competitiveness and has the world's best technologies in mobile, semiconductor, LCD, shipbuilding, petrochemical and smartphone. However, as industrial technology competitiveness increased, technology leakage crimes are also rising. Ac-cording to the Korean police, the arrest rate of the industrial technology leakage in Korea is higher each year, and the damages amounted o approximately USD 80 million per year in terms of their economic value. Therefore, such industrial technology leakage crime can not be prevented by the national authority alone, and now, Korea, just like other leading developed nations, can cooperate with national institutions and private companies to prevent and respond to industrial technology leakages, and in the case of hybrid policing, a detective system should also be introduced. Such a detective system was positively perceived in August 2012 when two of the 60 OLED TVs that were shipped by Samsung Electronics to exhibit at the IFA 2012 in Germany were stolen and it was not the German police but the local detective hired by Samsung Electronics who resolved the case. Starting with this case, Korean companies began to positively perceive the activities of detective in order to prevent and respond to industrial technology leakages. Therefore, in this study, I intend to examine changes in the security environment and the directions of introducing detective system following the industrial technology leakage crimes in Korea.

This study was designed to identify the perception towards social minorities and the variables which influence such perception for 230 preliminary police trainees of the Central Police Academy. The data were collected through the survey questionnaires and a multiple regression analysis was performed to conduct frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and learn about the sense of social distance. The analytical results are as follows. First, the average value of the sense of social distance towards North Korean refugees perceived by police trainees is 5.10 or higher, whose hierarchical priority is not clear, yet the questionnaires of whether they are accepted as members of the family showed a relatively low average value(4.30). Second, reviewing the final multiple regression analytical results by entering negative stereotypes and negative feelings, it was shown that negative feelings(β=-9.887 p <.001) have a significant influence on the sense of social distance of North Korean refugees of the police trainees. This indicates that the higher the negative feelings, the higher the sense of the social distance towards the North Korean refugees, which results in the difficulty of accepting them and the greater sense of social distance. This study is meaningful because it presented the relationship between the sense of social distance and the influential variables towards the North Korean refugees for the police trainees who will become the preliminary police officers. Notwithstanding the results of this study, there are limitations on the number of samples, sample selection method, and cross-sectional study.

Purpose; The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and differences of English tests of the police officers in Korea and the internationally recognized English proficiency tests. It focuses on finding out the advantages and weaknesses of each type of the test and preparing improvement plans for the English test of police officers currently in operation. In order to do this, we examined the types of test questions that have been made in the police officer test in the last few years(2016 ~ 2018), analyzed the types, and judged whether or not each type of questions is organized for judging the usefulness in police officer’s actual work performance. In addition, we analyzed the types of official English proficiency tests and tried to identify their relative merits to suggest possibilities and methods for applying the in the police English test. The following are the improvement points of the English test of the police officers based on the results of the research. As a result of examining the case of the English public examination for the police officers in Korea, it is found that there is a strong tendency that the types of questions that judge the legitimacy of the vocabulary and gram-mar appropriate to the standards of those who use English as their first language. On the contrary, no type of problem has been identified that can be used to enhance practicality in real work environments using vocabularies and grammatical items that can be easily used by a foreign individual. The number of foreign residents who live in Korea is more than one million and the number of temporary foreigners visiting the Korea is expected to exceed over 15 million. Therefore, in order to select a police officer who can play an appropriate role in the era of globalization, it is necessary to overhaul and improve the police English test in a large scale. The need for English in speaking and listening used in everyday vocabulary has been raised, and it seems to be the most realistic alternative at present to replace the existing police English test with the internationally recognized English proficiency test to improve these problems. Furthermore, based on various research and development, the Korean police officer's accredited certification test combining the ESP(English for Special Purpose) for police should be developed so as to improve and make the English examination suitable for the globalization era.

This paper has analyzed the provision of Article 219 and the weight of its presence within the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It is very important to see that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the so-called the constitution of the oceans attempts to prove its presence by enacting such a rather detailed article regarding port State control although there are a number of port State control provisions provided for in International Maritime Organization(IMO) conventions such SOLAS, MARPOL or STCW. The significance of Article 219 is that it requires States party to UNCLOS that are not party to IMO Conventions to conduct port State control against visiting vessels that threaten the marine environment. This paper has also discussed that it is permitted that based on the prevalent view amongst commentators, the wording “applicable rules and standards relating to the seaworthiness of vessels” provided for in Article 219 may be viewed as international ‘Construction, Design, Equipment and Manning’ rules and standards as this article clearly functions as the base of port State control.

This study aimed at showing present condition and direction for revision of Urban Regeneration Act in relating to urban regeneration areas evidently and finding the way of the activation of urban regeneration project and crime prevention. Most of the cities of our country faced with urban problems like overcrowding the city center, the apartment oriented housing, lack of urban infrastructure. Also, urban decline has had a negative external effect on urban residents and has become a key factor in maximizing the problem of quality of life in urban life. In particular, crime is the external effect that causes the greatest damage among various phenomena occurring in the city. In connection with this situation, the academic world has been interested in the urban regeneration. Urban regeneration means economic, social, physical, and environmental revitalization of a city which is declining due to depopulation, change of industrial structure, indiscriminate expansion of cities, deterioration of the dwelling condition, etc. by strengthening the local capacity, introducing and creating new functions, and utilizing the local resources. In previous studies related to urban regeneration, it has been shown that the integration of crime prevention factors in urban regeneration is essential. But the characteristic of Urban Regeneration Act is that there is no consideration of security or crime prevention for the urban regeneration area. Considering the ultimate goal of urban regeneration, it should be revised considering the crime prevention and security aspects of residents of urban regeneration area. First, the urban regeneration strategic plan should include additional items of crime prevention. Second, in this revitalization plan, it should be revised to include contents of crime prevention by referring to the ordinance for prevention of crime. Third, including crime prevention activities similar to current voluntary crime prevention activities in the activities of community company is one way to strengthen crime prevention activities in urban regeneration areas. These activities should be included in the contents of the Urban Regeneration Support Center. Fourth, in order to develop a cooperative system of crime prevention in urban regeneration areas, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety should be included in the head of the department concerned. As a result, the study suggested alternatives to ensuring the independence and sustainability of crime prevention activities.

The research ultimately aims at discovering measures to guide female marriage immigrants to establish a sense of identity as a social member of Korean societies through a proper adaptation, by proposing their available countermeasures to overcome difficulties in Korean societies. For such an accomplishment, specifically, conditions of female marriage immigrants are observed, and their difficulties are segmented. Difficulties suffered by domestic female marriage immigrants are observed in segments of communication due to lack of linguistic capability and differences, cultural difference, domestic violence and economic difficulties. To resolve the issues, countermeasures in socio-cultural and educational dimensions. Enhancement of responsive patterns and vitalization of police operations, and invigoration of various socio-cultural programs for female marriage immigrants are suggested for elimination of the socio-cultural problems. From an educational perspective, invigoration of Korean linguistic education, cultivation of professional teachers for culture education, organization of education supporting programs for female marriage immigrants and multi-cultural education for police officers are proposed. The research would significantly contribute to preparing measures for female marriage immigrants to settle in Korean societies as a member and to establish senses of belonging and self-identity.